10   Conclusions of level experiments

Conclusions of water level experiments:
    1:  In the level, the clocks which have same velocity relative to the ground are no difference, no matter the moving direction point to the weast, to the east and other directions. If movement can make clocks slow, their changes must be the same slow. In other words, the frame of reference of clocks is the ground, no the universe. So, it is absolutely impossible to measure the earth's speed in the universe by measuring the change of the clocks.
     2:  The conclusion above has to take zero magnetic fields as a prerequisite. It is easy to understand that we can know the velocity relative to the magnetic fields by easy experiments if the system moves relatively to the magnetic fields. So in the magnetic fields, the experiments don't obey the theory of relativity.
    It is obvious which suppose will be happen in the front of the paper.

Fig. 10.01 The beat frequencies signal is constant

About Michelson-Morey experiment
    Firstly, Michelson¨CMorey's experiment should be affirmative at artifice and precision. However, around the Mai's experiment is also controversial.
    One question is about the change of the arms' lengths. It is said that: the Mai's experiment can't prove or deny the existence of aether. Because the two arms are perpendicular with each other, one arm along the direction of the aether wind is shrinking, the other arm perpendicular to the aether wind keep constant. the contracting length counteracts the difference of the time.
    The other is one-way light velocity. It is thought, the Mai's experiment has only proved that the velocity of the returned light velocity rather than the one-way light velocity remains the same. At present, scientists also use reflexion to measure light velocity, which makes the light return to the origin place with a mirror, so that the time cna be measure by the same clock. In fact, the light velocity which measured is two-way light velocity of come-and-go.

Fig. 10.02 experiments to measure the one-way light velocity

   Why don't we measure the one-way light velocity directly? As shows in the Fig. 10.02, record the time that light goes through the A and the B and measured the distance between the two points, the one-way light velocity should be get. Well then, how to assure the tow clocks is simultaneous?Suppose that, we make clocks synchronization at point O ,and then we send the two clocks to A and B with the same speed. Come into notice, system of experiment is moving in universe, one of clocks which moving direction is same with the system will be get much higher speed, because the clock slow-down effect, tow clocks would be not synchronization. We can't solve the problem no matter where we calibrate the clocks. Another opinion is that we can do the experiment at a place perpendicular to the direction of the movement of the earth. This is also not feasible because we don't know the absolute direction of the earth. In fact, one-way light velocity has not been successfully measured because of the "remote clocks".

Experiments have proved that one-way light velocities are equal.
    In the experiment, the two electromagnetic signals return to the mixer in a constant time in every direction. It needs the positive and reverse transmission speeds must be the same because the two transmission directions are reverse and the lengths of the two arms' don't change. Or else it would cause the beat frequencies signal change. So, the experiment proves that one-way electromagnetic wave propagation velocity is the same.
    Electromagnetic waves and light waves are of the same kinds. In this case, the results of electromagnetic wave's experiments can be extended to that of the light. So, one-way light velocity is constant. We can also test the theory directly with light sources. As shows in the Fig. 10.03, we need only replace the two clocks with two light sources and mixers with interference devices. But at present, it is difficult to have a stable interference images with two independent laser light sources.

Fig. 10.03 experiments with two light sources on the horizontal

The innovative of the experiment
    We adopted a new experiment principle in the experiment. Firstly, we used two signal sources (clocks) to do the comparative experiments at the first time. This can avoid using return signals. Secondly, because the two arms of a signal source are in the same line, their shrinkages are the same if they contract. Thirdly, adopting dynamical experiments at first time, we made the clocks move at reverse directions. The difference of absolute velocities is also one of the characters.
    In fact, single signal source can't recognize space differences. For example, gravitational redshift is a phenomenon in gravitational fields. To observe this phenomenon, there must be height difference between light sources and the observers. There is contradistinctive condition between the clocks in the two different places because there is no redshift in the ray which returns to the same plane by reflecting. The comparison referred above is between light sources and observers of the two places'.

Fig. 10.04 The redshift can be observed if light and observer in different spaces

    Although the special theory of relativity was strictly proved once again, we need to point out that the opinion that vacuum doesn't exist is superfluous. This opinion is incompatible with many modern facts. The opinion that vacuum is not empty isn't contrary with the theory of relativity. The theory of relativity is the product of covariance. Besides, it is prerequisite to add flat space conditions.

Zhan, Li Kui 6/18/2007

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